Cystatin C (Gamma Trace)

Cystatin C Human Serum Partially Purified
  • 1 mg
  • 5 mg

As its name implies, cystatin C is a cysteine protease inhibitor. It is a fairly small protein and is synthesized by most of the cells in the body1. Cystatin C has formerly been referred to as gamma trace because of its migration in the gamma region in electrophoresis2. The low molecular weight of cystatin C means that is readily filtered by the glomerulus, and this, together with its virtually constant production makes cystatin C an excellent indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney function. Most reports indicate that cystatin C is superior to the more traditional GFR marker, creatinine3-7. Despite this, it has had only limited commercial success and cystatin C has yet to replace creatinine as an indicator of GFR, perhaps due to the greater cost of measurement8. More recently other roles have been discovered for cystatin C. One example is the possible role of cystatin C as a predictor of outcomes in vascular and cardiovascular pathologies9,10,11. Cystatin C also seems to play a role, in perhaps both negative and positive ways, in pathologies involving amyloid deposits12,13,14.

ADULT SERUM CYSTATIN C REFERENCE RANGE15: 0.53-0.95 mg/L
REFERENCES
  1. 1. Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E.R. and Bruns, E.R. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 4th Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, 2006.
  2. 2. George, P.M. and Sheat, J.M. Cystatin C Quantification in CSF. Clinical Chemistry, 35, 179-180, 1989.
  3. 3. Khyse-Andersen, J., et. al. Serum Cystatin C, Determined by a Rapid Automated Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Method is a Better Marker than Serum Creatinine for Glomerular Filtration Rate. Clinical Chemistry, 40, 1921-1926, 1994.
  4. 4. Newman, D.J., et. al. Serum Cystatin C Measured by Automated Immunoassay: A More Sensitive Marker of Changes in GFR than Serum Creatinine. Kidney International, 47, 312-318, 1995.
  5. 5. Dharnidharka, V.R., et. al. Serum Cystatin C is Superior to Serum Creatinine as a Marker of Kidney Function: A Meta Analysis. Am J Kidney Dis, 40, 221-226, 2002.
  6. 6. Laterza, O.F., et. al. Cystatin C: An Improved Estimator of Glomerular Filtration Rate? Clinical Chemistry, 48, 699-707, 2002.
  7. 7. Stevens, L.A., et. al. Estimating GFR Using Serum Cystatin C Alone and in Combination With Serum Creatinine: A Pooled Analysis of 3,418 Individuals with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis, 51, 395-406, 2008.
  8. 8. Chew, J.S.C., et. al., Cystatin C- A Paradigm of Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine. Clin Biochem Rev, 29, 47-62, 2008.
  9. 9. Ix, J.H., et. al. Association of Cystatin C with Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, and Incident Heart Failure Among Persons with Coronary Heart Disease. Circulation, 115, 173-179, 2007.
  10. 10. Alehagen, U. et. al. Cystatin C and NT-proBNP, a Powerful Combination of Biomarkers for Predicting Cardiovascular Mortality in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure: Results from a 10-Year Study in Primary Care. Eur J Heart Fail, 11, 354-360, 2009.
  11. 11. Emberson, J.R., et. al. Cystatin C and Risk of Vascular and Nonvascular Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of Older Men. Journal of Internal Medicine, 268, 145-154, 2010.
  12. 12. Levy, E., et. al. Codeposition of Cystatin C with Amyloid-[beta] Protein in the Brain of Alzheimer Disease Patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 60, 94-104, 2001.
  13. 13. Kaeser, S.A., et. al. Cystatin C Modulates Cerebral β-Amyloidosis. Nature Genetics, 39, 1437-1439, 2007.
  14. 14. Mi, W., et. al. Cystatin C Inhibits Amyloid-β Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. Nature Genetics, 39, 1440-1442, 2007.
  15. 15. Li, J., et. al. Analytical Performance of 4 Automated Assays for Measurement of Cystatin C. Clinical Chemistry, 56, 1336-1339, 2010.

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